Bioethics [Test] Welcome to test: Bioethics (2021) The test consists of 30 questions. You are given 30 minutes to solve. Questions are given in random order and are not repeated. At the end of testing, you have the number of correct answers. Name Group Email Record book № The criteria determining the beginning of human life are:The formation of the nervous tissue of the fetusFormation of the respiratory system of the fetusFirst heartbeatThe moral status of a human embryo included in the system of moral relationships between peopleWhat duties of a doctor in relation to a patient are not stipulated by the International Code of Medical Ethics:Contact more competent colleagues in case of professional difficultiesKeep medical confidentiality even after the death of the patientAlways provide emergency assistance to anyone in needRespect the patientRemember your duty to save human lifeA physician who recommended urography to his competent 68-year-old male patient is trying to decide whether to report the unlikely risk (1 in 10,000) of a fatal reaction. Being convinced that his decision should be determined by what other doctors usually do in similar circumstances, he is guided by:The principle of weak paternalismThe standard of professional practiceThe principle of “do good” and the principle of «do no harm»The principle of respect for autonomyRemoval of organs and tissues from a dead donor is carried out in the Russian Federationif a person expressed consent to it during his lifeif a person didn’t give consent to it during his lifeonly if there is written permission from the deadfreely in the interests of science and societyin accordance with the moral and religious values of societyA guaranteed criterion for the irreversibility of the persistent vegetative state of people under the age of 50 years, according to the statement of the WMA is:3 years unconscious1 month unconscious3 months unconscious6 months unconscious12 months unconsciousMoral regulation of medical activity differs from legal activity by:The presence of money interestFreedom of choice of actionArbitrariness of the motive of activityCriminal impunityWhat are the relationships between the norms and principles of medical ethics and deontology?Relationships of health workers and societyRelationships of doctor and patientAll named aboveRelationships of doctor and patient’s relativesRelationships in the medical teamAttitude to euthanasia of Russia according to the “Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of public health”:Both types of euthanasia are permittedOnly active euthanasia is prohibitedActive euthanasia is prohibited, and passive is permitted only with the written consent of the patientBoth passive and active euthanasia are prohibitedOnly passive euthanasia is prohibitedThe concept of “informed consent” includes everything except:Information on the undoubted priority of the benefits of the intervention compared to the possible riskInformation on the intended purpose of the interventionInformation on the nature of the proposed interventionInformation about possible negative consequencesInformation about the risk of interventionMedical secrets include information about:The fact of seeking medical attentionThe diagnosis of the diseaseContent of the willAll of the aboveIndirect abortion means:Intentional expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus at such a period of pregnancy when it is not yet capable of independent survivalAn unintended side effect that is either at risk or tolerated when certain activities are performedSpontaneous abortion (miscarriage) occurring in late pregnancyAbortion, which is necessary, (a) to save the life of the mother, or (b) based on other medical indicationsRespect for the private life of a person from the doctor’s side implies:Observance of their right to voteInforming about the state of health of the patient to members of their family upon request.Keeping secrets about the person’s healthTransfer of information about the nature of the patient’s disease to their employersPalliative care includes:Extracorporeal dialysis with an artificial kidneyArtificial lung ventilationTreatment of ulcersAnalgesic therapies, not addressing the cause of the disease, but seeking to soften or eliminate the sensation of painThe “Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine” (1997), when using the achievements of biology and medicine, declares the following priorities:Interests of the able-bodied populationOther interestsCommunity interestsInterests of science and scientific progressInterests and benefits of the human beingOne of the following forms of professional ethical consciousness cannot be attributed to the historical and logical models of biomedical ethics:BioethicsFascist medicineDeontological modelParacelsus ModelHippocratic modelIn which document of the World Medical Association are the basic rights of patients proclaimed?Lisbon Declaration of the Rights of the PatientDeclaration on the Protection of the Rights of Patients in EuropeHelsinki DeclarationConvention on the Protection of Patients’ RightsStatement on the protection of the rights of patientsWhat is Bioethics?The science of the features of the development of medicine in the period of STPThe science of medical practice using the achievements of the STPThe system of legal legislation that regulates the activities of a doctor in the context of the STPThe science of the legal, ethical and social implications of scientific and technological progress (STP)The system of norms and principles of conducting clinical researchThe formation of modern medical criteria for the death of a person is due to:Moral and ideological understanding of the essence of manThe development of medical technologyRespect for the honor and dignity of the personThe need for transplant medicineFrom the point of view of Muslim medical ethics, in the transplantation of the organs of a dead person, it is necessary to have information that the deadleft permission for organ harvestingdid not object to organ harvesting of his bodyleft no decision on this issueobjected to organ harvesting of his bodyCan a doctor refuse to work with a patient, if it does not threaten the life of the latter and those around him according to the Russian legislation?Can, if the patient is intoxicatedCan’t, because it is not provided by lawCan, if the patient does not follow the prescriptions and the internal regulations of the medical institutionCan, if the patient is rude to the doctorCan’t, because the doctor should help the patient in any caseHippocrates’ look at the doctor-patient relationships better described asRespecting patient autonomyDetermined by the principles of justicePaternalisticExperiencing the predominant influence of the principle of «do no harm»Genetic predictive testing is performed:For medical and moral preparation and increased care for the future child and to clarify the clinical diagnosisIn order to carry out an artificial selection of the populationTo create a perfect society with the help of artificial selectionOnly for medicinal purposesTo create a favorable social environment for people with enhanced intellectual abilitiesFor medical research purposes onlyRespect for the private life of a person from the side of a physician implies:Transfer of information about the nature of the patient’s disease to their employersKeeping secrets about a person’s healthObservance of a person’s right to voteInforming about the state of health of the patient to members of their family upon requestThe involvement of a doctor in torture and corporal punishment of prisoners and the use of their knowledge for this purpose may be justified by:it’s forbidden in any conditionsinterests of developing sciencepunishment for crimescommunity interests in obtaining necessary informationHuman cloning on a global scale:Temporary moratorium is imposedForbidden in all countries for all timesThe question is being studiedAllowed in some countriesIn Russia, the artificial termination of pregnancy for social reasons is carried out on the term:Regardless the duration of pregnancyUp to 16 weeksUp to 12 weeksUp to 28 weeksUp to 22 weeksIntervention in the human genome can be carried out for all listed purposes, except:Prophylactic purposesDiagnostic purposesChanges in the genome of the germ cellsTherapeutic purposesIntervention in the human genome can be carried out for all listed purposes, except:Therapeutic purposesDiagnostic purposesProphylactic purposesChanges in the genome of the germ cellsThe unjustified euthanasia from a medical point of view is determined by:Violation of the doctor’s mission to save and preserve human lifeWith all the factors listedViolation of the moral commandment «Thou shalt not kill»Chance for recovery and the ability to change the patient’s decisionBlocking the moral incentive to develop and improve medical knowledge and medical tools to combat deathCan doctors in Russia turn off resuscitation equipment?Can, if there is a written notarized permission of the patient, given to him before his deathCan, if the patient has artificial life support measures for a long timeCan’t, because the termination of artificial measures to maintain the life of the patient entails criminal responsibility of the doctorCan’t without the permission of the patient’s relativesCan, if the consultation of doctors has established an irreversible state of cerebral deathThank you! 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